The National Geographic Society’s Enduring Impacts Request for Proposals (RfP) focuses on the study of archaeological and related interdisciplinary data for the purposes of increasing our understanding of human-environmental interactions over time and to ultimately contribute to mitigating contemporary environmental crises. Current issues like climate change, disruptions to food security, and loss of habitat and biodiversity are threats that were faced by societies in the past. While the challenges we face today may be unprecedented in scale and demographic impact, there is a wealth of information on how people articulated with, mediated, and in many cases impacted long-term environmental trends over millennia. This knowledge can be employed in the development of strategies in environmental sustainability and resilience-building in the present day, and in understanding how human actions in the past continue to affect present-day communities in their ability to tackle environmental and climatic challenges.